相参频率捷变雷达目标稀疏重建性能边界综述

相比频率固定的脉冲多普勒体制, 频率捷变体制在抗干扰方面具有显著优势。但在该体制下, 基于匹配滤波的信号处理算法存在旁瓣平台问题, 难以与动目标检测兼容。压缩感知理论将目标参数估计建模作为欠定方程求解, 为该问题提供了解决思路。在相参频率捷变雷达中, 压缩感知能否准确重建目标是一个基础性问题。本文梳理了针对该问题的相关研究, 借助相变理论与相变曲线的解析表达式, 定量描述了捷变频雷达重建目标的成功概率与主要系统和目标参数之间的关系; 该理论性能边界与仿真实际所能达到的性能相接近。此外, 还探讨了现有成果在实际应用中的价值, 展望了未来研究方向。     

Blockage of the NLRP3 inflammasome by MCC950 improves anti-tumor immune responses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical innate immune pathway responsible for producing active interleukin (IL)-1β, which is associated with tumor development and immunity. However, the mechanisms regulating the inflammatory microenvironment, tumorigenesis and tumor immunity are unclear. Herein, we show that the NLRP3 inflammasome was over-expressed in human HNSCC tissues and that the IL-1β concentration was increased in the peripheral blood of HNSCC patients. Additionally, elevated NLRP3 inflammasome levels were detected in tumor tissues of Tgfbr1/Pten 2cKO HNSCC mice, and elevated IL-1β levels were detected in the peripheral blood serum, spleen, draining lymph nodes and tumor tissues. Blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation using MCC950 remarkably reduced IL-1β production in an HNSCC mouse model and reduced the numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Moreover, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation increased the numbers of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in HNSCC mice. Notably, the numbers of exhausted PD-1⁺ and Tim3⁺ T cells were significantly reduced. A human HNSCC tissue microarray showed that NLRP3 inflammasome expression was correlated with the expression of CD8 and CD4, the Treg marker Foxp3, the MDSC markers CD11b and CD33, and the TAM markers CD68 and CD163, PD-1 and Tim3. Overall, our results demonstrate that the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway promotes tumorigenesis in HNSCC and inactivation of this pathway delays tumor growth, accompanied by decreased immunosuppressive cell accumulation and an increased number of effector T cells. Thus, inhibition of the tumor microenvironment through the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway may provide a novel approach for HNSCC therapy.     

土壤肥料学实验课程的教学改革与实践

为全面培育卓越农林人才，提高教学培养质量，本研究结合土壤肥料学的课程内容、教学特点及实验方法，对存在的问题进行了剖析，并结合实际针对存在问题做出了相应改革，适时调整《土壤肥料学》实验课程内容和形式。通过删减验证性实验内容，增设综合性实验，传统部分教学内容实现网络化等三方面对该课程的实验课部分进行了改革与实践，以期提高学生综合运用所学《土壤肥料学》的相关知识来解决生产实际问题的能力。     

试论古籍数字化背景下专业出版社的地位

信息时代,各类出版社被数字化浪潮推动着不断前进,数字化出版已经成为趋势.在古籍数字化出版的过程中,拥有专业优势的出版社应该是古籍数字化出版的主体,但是目前的状况却和我们的预期不同.在古籍数字化背景下如何实现专业出版社的主体地位,是我们古籍专业出版人的面临的困难与挑战.本文对当前专业出版社在古籍数字化出版中的地位问题以及如何实现其应有的主体地位等方面进行论述,以期对出版从业者提供工作思路.     

关于映射周期性的若干性质及其应用的注记

若f∈PfT(R)∩C(R),则F(x)=∫axf(t)dt,x∈R与周期函数有何关系,具有哪些性质?本文将就这一问题进行研究,获得了一个关于周期函数一个重要的若干性质的定理,应用其便捷的处理了一大批与周期函数有关的问题,进而给出了关于映射周期性的若干性质及其应用的注记,这对经济周期性研究有一定的参考意义。     

完全市场中的Yaari对偶效用最大化问题

效用最大化问题是经济学和金融学中的最重要和最基本的问题之一.经典的von NeumannMorgenstern期望效用模型在实践中都受到诸多挑战.Yaari对偶效用理论是重要的非期望效用模型之一.本文研究完全金融市场中的Yaari对偶效用最大化问题.前人在某种单调性条件下得到了该问题最优解的显式刻画.而在本文中,无需任何单调性条件,我们得到了最优解的显式刻画.     

海上电泵结蜡井热循环洗井工艺参数优化设计

为探索海上油田电泵举升结蜡井热循环洗井工艺井筒温度场分布规律，综合考虑潜油电机增温、电缆散热、热流体注入量、注入深度、注入温度、结蜡管段传热和海水空气导热的影响，基于热能守恒原理，建立了电泵井结蜡热循环洗井工艺井筒温度场计算模型，分析了热流体注入温度和注入量对混合产出流体的井筒温度分布的影响。研究结果表明，随着注入量的增加混合产出液沿程井筒温度增加，随着注入温度的增加混合产出液沿程井筒温度增加。该方法可有效指导现场措施工艺的实施，达到延长结蜡井的清蜡周期、延缓产液/产油量下降速度的目的。     

远距离支援干扰下双隐身飞机自卫相参干扰对单脉冲雷达影响

以复杂电磁环境下双隐身飞机自卫相参干扰对抗单脉冲雷达为研究背景,针对单脉冲雷达角欺骗问题,提出了远距离多假目标干扰下双隐身飞机自卫相参干扰模型。首先构建双隐身飞机姿态敏感性模型,提取即时雷达散射截面序列,依据目标回波与干扰信号对应关系,建立复合等效信干比模型。在此基础上,采用脱靶与有效干扰最小即时距离对双机干扰模式下雷达角跟踪误差形成评判指标。仿真表明，该组网干扰模式使雷达角跟踪误差提高696.49倍,比单一干扰模式使单脉冲雷达角跟踪误差平均提高1.07倍,检验了组网复合相参干扰样式的有效性。     

2018年天文学热点回眸

 天文学是一门以观测为基础的学科，其发展主要依靠观测和数据的支持。基于SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System天文物理学数据系统中高被引文章并结合热点新闻报道，回顾了2018年天文学热点的进展和发现，以观测和基础研究、仪器研制及工具开发两大方面论述了2018年天文学研究热点。     

Forecasting economic indicators using a consumer sentiment index: Survey‐based versus text‐based data

Given the confirmed effectiveness of the survey‐based consumer sentiment index (CSI) as a leading indicator of real economic conditions, the CSI is actively used in making policy judgments and decisions in many countries. However, although the CSI offers qualitative information for presenting current conditions and predicting a household's future economic activity, the survey‐based method has several limitations. In this context, we extracted sentiment information from online economic news articles and demonstrated that the Korean cases are a good illustration of applying a text mining technique when generating a CSI using sentiment analysis. By applying a simple sentiment analysis based on the lexicon approach, this paper confirmed that news articles can be an effective source for generating an economic indicator in Korea. Even though cross‐national comparative research results are suited better than national‐level data to generalize and verify the method used in this study, international comparisons are quite challenging to draw due to the necessary linguistic preprocessing. We hope to encourage further cross‐national comparative research to apply the approach proposed in this study.